Technical Notebooks
To try to better understand the mechanism of 6ppd for protection of natural rubber against oxygen and ozone attack, this study measured the kinetics as a function of temperature. The rates and activation energies provided insight into how 6ppd protects natural rubber.
The main focus of this paper is to showcase various microscopy techniques used in elucidating the mechanism of ZnO and stearic acid of sulfur crosslinking and the polymeric phase morphology of a rubber blend.
This paper discusses how the DMA can be used for quality assurance work to investigate and determine “assignable causes of variation” for problems in tire manufacture.
As global concerns about climate change intensify, the tire industry, in conjunction with raw material suppliers, is innovating and developing sustainable solutions, paving the way for the next generation of “green” tires.
Precipitated silica increases wet traction, decreases rolling resistance and maintains wear life in treads compared to carbon black. Governments adopted tire labeling prompting research into new specialty elastomers, reinforcing fillers, coupling agents, and performance additives.
For the widely used Nd-BR, despite superior mechanical and hysteretic properties, processing may become challenging, since commercially available high-cis-BR are characterized by very complex structures. This conflict may be overcome, however, by targeting a controlled molecular architecture during polymerization.
Increased complexity of materials prioritizes processability. Demand for superior compound quality is driven by rotor performance. HF Mixing Group’s PES5 rotors are the “standard” for intermeshing equipment for technical rubber goods and the masterbatch rotor of the tire industry. With the new PES7, HF aims to increase throughput and energy efficiency during mixing.
There are presently over 10 different standard RPA ASTM test methods that are used to measure rubber processability. To improve these three methods further, an ASTM sub committee is working on adding a new Part D to ASTM D6204 to improve statistical test sensitivity to differences in the quality of mixed stocks and raw polymers.
The emergence of the circular economy has brought new emphasis on tire recycling, and pyrolysis has emerged as a leading technology. Pyrolysis of waste tires creates two usable streams: tire pyrolysis oil and reclaimed carbon, which can be substituted for carbon black in limited rubber formulations.
Solubility and diffusivity of CO2 in elastomers are important properties for not only oil and gas applications, but also carbon capture and sequestration. Because CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas, the capture, transportation and sequestration of CO2 have a great impact on global warming.