Tire failure analysis: Deflating difference between 'trapped air,' rubber tear patterns

This paper includes an investigation into the appearance of the areas typically identified in litigation as “trapped air” surfaces, why the areas typically identified in litigation as “trapped air” surfaces are simply random tears across multiple layers of a well-adhered steel-belted radial tire, an assessment of the feasibility of curing pockets of air between the steel belts of a radial tire and how steel belt surfaces in fact appear when air has been cured between them.